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About Inconel/Nickel Alloys
Inconel alloys are oxidation and corrosion
resistant materials well suited for service in extreme environments. When
heated, Inconel forms a thick, stable, passivating oxide layer protecting the
surface from further attack. Inconel retains strength over a wide temperature
range, attractive for high temperature applications where aluminum and steel
would succumb to creep as a result of thermally-induced crystal vacancies.
Inconel's high temperature strength is developed by solid solution
strengthening or precipitation strengthening, depending on the alloy.
About Inconel/Nickel and Super Alloys
A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an
alloy that exhibits excellent mechanical strength and creep resistance at high
temperatures, good surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance.
Inconel is an example of a superalloy. A superalloy's base alloying element is
usually nickel.
Nickel-based superalloys have been
developed for very high temperature applications where relatively high
stresses are encountered and where high surface stability is frequently
required.
Incoloy alloys, including Incoloy 800 and Incoloy
825, are highly sought after due to their ability to resist both oxidization
and carbonization in high-temperature settings. The majority of Incoloy alloys
make additions to a nickel-iron-chromium base. These additions allow the alloy
to adapt to the needs of a variety of industries and enable leading metal
companies to offer a range of Incoloy shapes and designs.
Inconel 600: Solid solution strengthened Inconel 601: Good oxidation resistance at high temperatures and
resistance to chloride-ion stress-corrosion cracking, corrosion by high-purity
water, and caustic corrosion. Inconel 617:
An exceptional combination of metallurgical stability,
strength, and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. Inconel 625:
Acid resistant, good weldability Inconel 718:
Gamma double prime strengthened with good weldability Inconel 722: Age-hardenable by heat treatment Inconel 750:
Precipitation-hardenable, corrosion and oxidation
resistance, high strength at high temperatures. Inconel 800,
Incoloy 800:
Has excellent tensile strength and resistance
to oxidation as well as carburzation properties. Inconel 825,
Incoloy 825: Great resistance to many corrosive
environments, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and
stress- corrosion cracking.
We supply a variety of Inconel sheets, Inconel plates,
Inconel bars and Inconel rounds, Inconel tubing and Inconel pipes in various profiles. They are also referred
to as nickel alloy plate, sheets, bars, round, tubing and pipes. We are a
certified distributor of high temperature pipes & high temperature alloy
pipes, high temperature alloy plates, high temperature alloy sheets, and high
temperature alloy tubing. They have superior
mechanical properties along with good workability and high strength. These
products are offered in various specifications.
Inconel Bar Stock Size: 3/16" Diameter to 8" Diameter
Composition
Different Inconels have widely varying compositions, but all are predominantly
nickel, with chromium as the second element.
Inconel
Element (% by mass)
Ni
Cr
Fe
Mo
Nb
Co
Mn
Cu
Al
Ti
Si
C
S
P
B
600
72.0
14.0-17.0
6.0-10.0
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.15
0.015
617
44.2-56.0
20.0-24.0
3.0
8.0-10.0
10.0-15.0
0.5
0.5
0.8-1.5
0.6
0.5
0.15
0.015
0.015
0.006
625
58.0
20.0-23.0
5.0
8.0-10.0
3.15-4.15
1.0
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.015
0.015
718
50.0-55.0
17.0-21.0
balance
2.8-3.3
4.75-5.5
1.0
0.35
0.2-0.8
0.65-1.15
0.3
0.35
0.08
0.015
0.015
0.006
X-750
70.0
14.0-17.0
5.0-9.0
0.7-1.2
1.0
1.0
0.5
0.4-1.0
2.25-2.75
0.5
0.08
0.01
Properties
High temperature metals or high temp alloys
consist of Inconel/Incoloy, Nickel and Superalloys.
Machining
Inconel metals are difficult metals to shape and machine using traditional techniques
due to rapid work hardening. After the first machining pass, work hardening
tends to plastically deform either the workpiece or the tool on subsequent
passes. For this reason, age-hardened Inconels such as 718 are machined using
an aggressive but slow cut with a hard tool, minimizing the number of passes
required. Alternatively, the majority of the machining can be performed with
the workpiece in a solutionized form, with only the final steps being
performed after age-hardening. External threads are machined using a lathe to
"single point" the threads, or by rolling the threads using a screw machine.
Holes with internal threads are made by welding or brazing threaded inserts
made of stainless steel. Cutting of plate is often done with a waterjet
cutter. Internal threads can also be cut by single point method on lathe, or
by threadmilling on a machining center.
Joining
Welding inconel alloys is difficult due to cracking and microstructural
segregation of alloying elements in the heat affected zone. However, several
alloys have been designed to overcome these problems.
The nickel chromium base alloys are used
extensively in applications where heat resistance and/or corrosion resistance
is required. In some members of the group, where conditions are less
demanding, some nickel is replaced by iron to decrease the overall cost.
Metals fail at high temperatures by both
oxidation (scaling) and through a loss in strength. Alloys in this class are
designed to resist failure from both of these mechanisms.
Where corrosion resistance is significant,
molybdenum is used as an alloying addition in nickel chromium based alloys.
This group of alloys are frequently sold under
trade name specifications but most are listed in the Unified Numbering System.
Common trade names are HASTELLOY, INCOLOY, and INCONEL.
The more recent nickel chromium base alloys in
these groups also have a wide range of ancillary elements added to give
special properties - some of these can be quite complicated and require very
close control over composition and heat treatment.
Table 1. Compositions of
some common nickel alloys.
UNS No
Al
Cr
Co
Fe
Mo
Ni
Nb+Ta
Ti
W
N10276
15.5
5.5
16
57
3.8
N06600
15.5
8
76
N06625
21.5
9
61
3.6
N08800
21
46
32.5
N07718
0.5
19
18.5
3
52.5
5.1
N07090
1.5
19.5
16.5
60
2.5
Table 2. Typical
properties of some common nickel alloys.